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The study was conducted in Central Darfur State (CDS) in 2015 to examine the impact of recent Darfur conflicts on income derived from crop production, it is a kind of income generating activity undertaken by different livelihoods groups living in the study area. To achieve this goal, a multi - stage random sampling technique was applied to draw the sample size from the target population. Accordingly, 202 respondents were selected using the Attribute Sample Size techniques. A mixture of both quantitative and qualitative methods were used, with special emphasis on structured questionnaire. Respondents were asked to give information about their income source, for instance crop production and the influence of the conflicts on the everyday life of IDPs, nomads, rural and urban settlements. The data collected were for three time periods; pre conflicts period (2000), war period (2006) and peace period (2012). The model used in the analysis was Seemingly Unrelated Regression model, popularly called SUR model, using Stata10 as a main software, in addition to IBM SPSS statistics 24 and excel spreadsheet. However, the results showed the crucial role played by security on income derived from crop production. The study recommended that for agriculture to lead the state economy as before, security issue should be addressed and make the situation conducive for sedentary farmers to be able to resume agricultural activities.

Agriculture serves as the primary means of subsistence for a significant portion of Pakistan\'s population, as well as in several other nations currently engaged in economic development. The process of establishing a marketing system in Pakistan entails various challenges as well as potential opportunities. The implementation of this solution holds the potential to enhance market accessibility, reduce post-harvest losses, and establish connections between rural farmers and a broader customer base. These various factors collectively contribute to enhancing the overall efficiency of agricultural supply chains. The comprehensive supply chain management (SCM) process encompasses a value chain that recognizes and addresses drawbacks, factors related to value addition, and liability factors. This empowers retailers to effectively manage their supply chain. The research encompasses the methodology employed to analyze both traditional markets and larger outlets. The analysis incorporates the Political, Economic, Social, and Technological dimensions to assess the various factors impacting both markets. The findings indicate that the traditional market offers competitive pricing with occasional price fluctuations. However, larger outlets exhibit various factors that contribute to increased price volatility within the system, necessitating a more robust value supply chain. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that both markets have their own set of advantages and disadvantages.